The Development Of An Individual s Identity - 977 Words

The development of an individual’s identity although it varies among individuals usually requires both the primary and secondary level of socialization. Whether in intimate family circles or social institutions, the socialization process that occurs makes us who we are. On the basis of this, I will explain how agents in both primary and secondary socialization process has shaped the way I developed myself and how they will also continue to shape me throughout my life. I will do this by exploring some tenets of Charles H. Cooley Looking Glass Self, Erik Erikson Stages of Development and Erving Goffman’s Dramaturgy and the Presentation of Self. In my analysis these theories are blended together to highlight their application in the development of myself. Coming from a very supportive and stable family (and extended family), my needs as an infant were met, this allowed me to develop trust that people(especially family members) will always be there for me. The supportive environment enabled me to learn self-sufficiency and also gain confidence in line with Erikson’s first and second stages of development (Trust vs. mistrust and Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt). Although I experienced a positive psychosocial crisis in the first stage and during the early part of the 2nd stage, there was also a negative crisis that spilled into the 3rd stage (Carl Belanger, 2015). As a Tongue sucking child, my family expected me to outgrow this during the later part of my Toddlerhood. Failing toShow MoreRelatedMead s Theory Of Self And Society1518 Words   |  7 PagesMead s Theory of Self and Society According to this theory, Mead suggested that people live in a world that is in a large part constructed in accordance with social and societal norms. He believed that objects, events, and behaviors come from the interpretation people give them, and interpretations vary from one group to another. In specific, the meaning of objects, events, and behaviors comes from the meaning people give these objects events, and behavior; thus, the interpretations may certainlyRead MoreRacial Identity Development Theory By Janet Helms Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Identity Development Theory In order to fully understand the realities of the African American students in the present study, an exploration into racial identity development theory must be explored in order to shed light on how the participants make sense of themselves and their relationships with others. Racial identity and racial identity development theory are defined by Janet Helms (1990) as a sense of group or collective identity based on one s perception that he or she shares a commonRead MoreThe Conflict Of Adolescence And Early Adulthood1037 Words   |  5 Pagesan adult at the age of 18, regardless of any cognitive or demographic factors. Human development is divided into several different stages starting at infancy all the way to the last stage of maturity. One of the most influential theories on development was done by Erikson (1968) which associated the stages of development with the internal conflicts that individual must resolve in order to move on with development. For the purpose of my study I will be analyzing the conflicts presented by EriksonRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory : Development Of Ego Identity1293 Words   |  6 Pagespsychosexual theory. Erikson later developed the psychosocial theory. This theory described the effect of one’s social experiences throughout one’s whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Eriksonâ€℠¢s psychosocial theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. The ego was taken from Freud’s theory. Erikson added three stages to Freud’s psychosexual theory. His theory has a total of eight major stages. The stagesRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreErickson s Theory Of Development1382 Words   |  6 Pageswh ich was modeled on Freud s model of psychosexual theory. Erickson s theory extends the number of life stages in order to encompass the entire life. Erickson expanded the principles of psychosocial development beyond childhood and theorized that the ego itself is shaped and transformed not only by biological and psychological forces, but also social factors. This was a new perspective because Freud s theory didn t use any other factors for development. Erickson s â€Å"linked biological urogenitalRead MoreGay, Straight, And The Reason About Sexual Orientation1236 Words   |  5 Pagesnation s history. Institutions such as military and professional sports have (slowly but surely) began to accept openly gay members. Most importantly, a recent amendment to the Marriage Act of 1961 now defines marriage as a union of two people; an amendment which removed the prohibition of same-sex marriages. These landmarks in the progression of social awareness surrounding sexual orientation are derivative of scientific findings disputing the choice theory. As outlined in Simon LeVay s bookRead MoreSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 PagesSocialisation, Personal identity, Gender Identity and Gender Roles: Boundless.com defines ‘Socialisation’ as â€Å"a term used to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies providing the individual with the skills and habits necessary for precipitating within one’s society, thus the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained† (Boundless.com, 2015). The process of socialisation involves an individual such as an adolescent to have interactionsRead MoreErickson888 Words   |  4 PagesErikson s theory of personality Main article: Erikson s stages of psychosocial development Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has been described as an ego psychologist studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson s stages of psychosocial development is marked by a conflict for which successful resolution will result in a favourable outcome, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around. Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimesRead MoreTheory Description Of The Theory Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesTheorist Theory Description Characteristics of the Theory Process Application of Learning Mechanisms of Change Reaction when theory is applied Basic Observation Outcomes Bandura (1977) Social Learning Theory: Albert Bandura s Social Learning Theory believes that learning occurs in a social context through observation, imitation, and direct instruction. It comprises of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. *Attention *Retention *Reproduction *Motivation *Attention – this implies

Solomon Northup A Free Man - 1197 Words

Solomon Northup enjoyed the aspects of being a free man since he was born as a free man in the Northern States. His father was born into a slavery up until his master died, leaving him in his will stating that after his death, he would inherit his master’s last name, which was Northup, and was able to become a free man. Once his father was a free man, he moved to the city of New York and had two children. Solomon Northup was born in July of 1808, and was provided with a humble home and education. Northup’s father died in November of 1829 leaving his two children and a widow. He took all the responsibilities of his father and ran the family farm. Soon after he married his wife, Anne Hampton, and had three children. Northup was known locally by various people for playing the violin in many social events and constantly met new people through his violin services. One day he encountered two strange gentlemen acquiring Northup’s violin services out of town. Northup he sitated towards their request, but they managed to convince him. He left out of town with the gentlemen leaving his family unaware of his departure. Then two gentlemen seemed honest through Northup’s eyes up until he became unwillingly intoxicated and lost consciousness. Once he regained consciousness, he found himself in an odd place with his hands and feet in chains. He was kept in a dark room for several hours until two men, James Burch and Ebenezer Radburn, came to check on him. Northup attempted to explain thatShow MoreRelatedSolomon Northup A Free Black Man912 Words   |  4 PagesSolomon Northup a free black man who was an educated and with a family who likes to play violin at places that he can make money from. In order to provide for his family a better life he is given offer to go to Washington with Hamilton and Brown to play his violin. His story talks about how he goes from a free man to a drugged and beaten down runway Georgia slave to 12 years working as a sl ave from one master to the next. The author in this story is telling us to abolish slavery based on his leadingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 12 Years A Slave By Solomon Northup1278 Words   |  6 PagesBorn a free African American, Solomon Northup, writer of the autobiography, 12 Years a Slave , carefully depicts and demonstrates a significant amount of historical elements that caused and influenced a terrible series of events in the lives of the people in the novel. In Northup s novel, he describes in great detail a series of situations that he personally had to endure as he was initially a free man, then tricked and kidnapped, and sold into slavery. He undergoes a numerous amount of beatingsRead MoreNineteen Years A Slave By Solomon Northup Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesSlave is a phenomenal book because, being a reflection of Solomon Northup’s life, it accurately portrays the life of a black slave during that time period, including intense detail that arises a variety of emotions in the reader throughout the book. Published in 1853 in New York by Derby Miller, and written by Solomon Northup himself, his memoir entitled, 12 Years a Slave is a phenomenal narrative of the accounts he experienced as a free man kidnapped and sold into slavery that assisted in openingRead MoreThe Film 12 Years A Slave1177 Words   |  5 PagesThe film 12 Years a Slave is based on the true story of Solomon Northup, a black man born free. He is a wealthy man in New York and has a finesse at playing the fiddle. Two white men ask Northup to join their music group, to play the fiddle, but instead intoxicate him and sell him into slavery. Northup is sold to a Louisiana plantation owner, and he is called â€Å"Platt†. Northup spends twelve years of hardship in Louisiana, working in a cotton plantation primarily, until he is eventually freed by hisRead MorePatrick Henrys Fight For Freedom776 Words   |  4 PagesPatrick Henry tells his opinion and is trying to convi nce the convention to attack the South right now. McQueen shows us a film based on a true story in which he tells the story of a black man who gets kidnapped and sold in slavery. He had a job and a wife and two childs. It took him 12 years to become a free man again and get his old life back. Henry and McQueen express their own meaning of freedom from different sides but in the same conflict and idea. Freedom has always been one of the primaryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Years A Slave 1051 Words   |  5 Pages 12 Years a Slave is a drama film about a free African American man, Solomon Northup, who was kidnapped and sold to slavery. The movie was released in 2013 starring Chiwetel Ejiofor as Solomon Northup, Benedict Cumberbatch, and Brad Pitt. 12 Years a Slave has earned three Academy Awards and a Golden Globe. The movie is based off of a memoir written in 1853 by Solomon Northup. The film is for people who are fascinated with history and enjoy dramatic scenes. However, it is also a movie that informsRead MoreA Slave By Solomon Northup Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesTwelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. This book was written in 1853 and has been republished in several editions. It’s thought of to be a memoir and a slave narrative by Solomon Northup himself. In 1984, PBS created a movie referred to as, Solomon Northup’s Odyssey, that was directed by Gordon Parks and 2013 there was a movie product of the book that was directed by Steve McQueen. There are several arguments that are realize throughout this book concerning why Solomon needed to write his bookRead MoreSolomon Northup s Twelve Years A Slave1690 Words   |  7 PagesSolomon Northup’s Twelve Years a Slave Twelve Years a Slave was written by Solomon Northup. The book provides the reader a deeper understanding of the hardest periods in American history â€Å"slavery.† When reading Twelve Years a Slave, people can have a better understanding of how slaves were treated back in the 1800s. Northup discussed in details how slaves were mistreated and cruelly beaten by their masters. Masters were heartless; they would beat their slaves till they were close to take theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 12 Years A Slave 1487 Words   |  6 PagesSlave written from a primary source by Solomon Northup based on a true story describes the triumphant journey Solomon Northup goes through as he never lost hope of regaining his freedom and resisted the dehumanization of enslavement in many ways. Solomon was born a free black man in New York in 1808 while his father, Mintus was born a slave and gained his freedom as their master passed away also inheriting their masters last name Northup. Growing Solomon worked on a farm with his dad and soon afterRead MoreThe Slave System By Solomon Northup1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe slave system was kept in existence for many years since the early 1600’s. A never ending cycle of pain, and harsh conditions From being in 12 years of slavery, Solomon Northup recounts the time when he had once been a free man to be kidnapped of that freedom back in 1841. The relationships that Northup encountered were neither positive or negative . From friends he gained or his slave masters, the relationships were shaped by slavery and helped intact the slave system. In those relationships

Health Care Management Free Essays

Pearl Ross Role or Function or Health Care Manager University of Phoenix January 26, 2012 A growing business needs a good manager to accomplish the same goal. The health care is a business and behind every good business is a good manager. A health care manager role is leadership and management. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"A manager at any level in the health care spends significant amounts of time and place high value on communication, problem solving and decision making, collaboration with other disciplines, people development, and cost containment† (Purnell, 1999). The manager goal is to get the employer to complete a specific goal effective and efficient. There are four cycles or step a manager goes about an obtaining this goal: organizing, planning, leading, and controlling. The most important role or function of a health care manager is leadership. â€Å"Leadership in Health Services provides example of best practice in this dynamic field, disseminating practical, relevant and timely information† (Emerald, 2011). First-class leadership is vital because the complexity of the healthcare system requires the qualities of a good leader who can link the world of management to the world of medical/clinical practice, while understanding people’s needs and accommodating and developing the broad array of health services needed by them† (Al-Haddad, 2003). Although there is nothing written or cut in stone on the behavior or qualification a manager should have in leadership; some organization believe a manager leadership should either be task-orient or relationship orient, depending on the situation. It would benefit the company if a manager combined the two behaviors. A manager or leader should be a motivator and trustworthy. A manager in the health care field recognize a health care worker is a competent, professional and leader who have the ability to share the vision, plan and decision making of a health care system. Hence, taking this course, Health Care Management will help me in obtaining the skills, knowledge, and technique to become a full, well rounded individual. This course along will not help me become an employable administrator, but it is a steppingstone. This course will give me the tools I need to further my career by using the steps of manager: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Reference Al-Haddad, M. K. (2003). Leadership in Health care Management. Bahrain Medical Bullten, Vol 25,No1 , 1-3. Emerald. (2011). Leadership and Health care service. Retrieved January 25, 2012, from Emeral Insight: www. emeraldinsight. com/info/journals/lhs/lhs/Jsp Purnell, L. (1999, April). Health care manages’ and administrators’ roles, funtions, and responsibilties. Retrieved January 25, 2012, from pubmed: www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/10363017 How to cite Health Care Management, Papers

Building and Construction Materials

Question: Discuss about the Building and Construction Materials. Answer: Introduction: Poor indoor air quality is a problem which affects most constructions that are over 20 years. In this case, the building has been experiencing indoor air quality problems and has been complained about by past tenants. But the problem with poor indoor air quality can be solved and for a potential tenant, there are multiple ways to check the indoor air quality and prevent it from affecting the lives of the tenants and the commercial workers. There is a need for improved screening and improvement within the indoor air quality in many buildings which are over twenty years old. Building Performance principles For creating a sustainable and high-quality building it is necessary that the people involved understand their requirements and try their best to provide optimal services. There should be a good amount of thought given for creating a state of energy efficiency which makes the building consume less energy such as creating different and sustainable and alternative means to provide energy(Aksamija, 2013). Then there is a need to verify and create new measurements that go with the local rules and regulations of building construction. Measuring and improving the correctness of the measurements allows people to understand and implement the renovation work easily in later life. It is also important to measure the quality of indoor environment which will directly affect the inhabitant and workers(Bertoldi, 2011). There is a need to check the Thermal systems and the ventilation which improve the comfort of the individuals. There should also be checking for the humidifiers, moisture controller s and ducts and pipes which supply air within the building(Institute, 2015). Then there is a need to improve the day lighting and also improve the low-emitting materials which impact the health of the individuals residing within. It is important t consider the source of the materials being used, its quality and the results when it might start to decompose or get soiled. It is important to note that a buildings life is dependent on the products used for the building so it is needed to create a good quality structure and the subsystems should be also a good quality to support the long life of the inhabitants. The use of proper air systems is also a necessity, lack of air and the overexposure to dust or poisonous materials can impact the health in the long run so it is important for the people moving into the commercial space to properly check tee air quality and then take the decision(Woodner, 2009) Test mechanisms Building security is needed to improve the quality of the building and its sturdiness. There is a need for evaluating a systems security and is important to know the complexity of the building. As the building ages, there are multiple reasons for the vulnerabilities of the buildings to rise. There is a need to the research and development there is a need for the rules and regulations to being fulfilled properly by the building company(Kim, 2015). In most countries, there are stringent rules and basal values which need to be followed while a building is constructed or even renovated. There is a need to follow those rules which govern the good building methods and systems(Zhang, 2016). There is a need to test whether each building has a good and safe building plan which will not endanger the lives of the inhabitants. The people residing must e made aware of the products being used for the construction and for the renovations if necessary. There should be tests done to understand the bu ildings quality and also to test the type of products that are being used inside the building. It could be the fabrication used for the same or it may be the kind or wallpapers and floorings used(Wang, 2016). Most indoor air shafts and air ducts need to be checked whether there is a need to clean them. These air ducts and shafts can be the breeding ground for many unhealthy germicides which can impact the health of the individuals residing inside. So it is important to test the CO2 and CO levels within the residence, also check a number of toxic gasses and remittances from the insides of the buildings. There is also a need to provide the need to check the quality of air in the exterior of the building. There is a close resemblance of the air that travels within the building with the air thats available outside since the same air is filtered or sometimes sent unfiltered into the building and this causes health issues(Gambhir, 2014). With the presence of pollen, harmful materials, dus t, co2, CO and other harmful gasses, there is a need for fresh air that needs to be properly filtered for the use within the building. And the new inhabitants need to test the same; it can be improved with more stringent filtration systems, improved air circulation. It is also required that the ducts and vents are cleaned and tread so that the air travelling inside is free of any pollutants(Robertson, 2008). Built system and sub-system The built system is the main core of the building which holds the building in its glory and provides support to the construction. It is thus important that the built system employed by the builder is of good quality. For new tenants, it is important to check with the old records to understand the quality of the built system on which the whole building is residing. The built system is usually customizable and is dependent upon the type of building is being created. This makes it important for the company employing the services that choose good building services and also use the high quality and government-approved systems. There should be this use of good manufacturing equipment which creates innovation and balance and flexibility(Mele, 2005). There is a need for tough and flexible manufacturing base and equipment. The subsystem of a building is consisting of the lighting within, the amount of energy consumption and the products used within the floors to ensure that the air conditioni ng is done optimally. The water supply, as well as the drainage systems within the building, should be checked to ensure that they are good. It is also that the heating of the air within the building evenly distributed evenly to ensure that all the systems work in a good way and are not caring problems of indoor air quality or are not affecting the indoor air quality in any way(Pels, 2016). There is also a need to check whether the floors are protected from the fire and other hazards and are protected from the regular everyday usage. There is a need to find out how secure a building is before you also check the consistency of the gas and electrical supply(Bonnema, 2016). The indoor air quality depends on of a lot of items, which include the habits of people living in the enclosed space. For example, people who smoke or cook can cause different particles to be present within the space. Also, there could be the use of other materials which emit other particles and substances within th e war and cause a significant change in the quality of air. The buildings exterior environment also impacts the quality of air present. If the external air shafts are present in front of dusty and smelly areas the air coming into the building would be full of dust, harmful particles and more which can impact the quality of life within the building and cause serious health issues(Hitchens, 2004). Performance measurement methods There is a need for a good performance measurement system for a commercial building and its various air qualities within the building. There is a need to measure that the buildings that are concerned with building age making the commercial spaces a bit less favourable for renting. There is a need to have performance measurement systems that develop the right tools and give the right figures that measure the right methods to ensure great performance. Some commercial buildings advertise to be green buildings made with low energy and offer better performances but there is little evidence that these are really following the feels and are adhering to the guideline properly. So instead of just seeing the tags, a new person moving into a commercial space should measure the right facts and figures to understand the quality of life within the building(Kim, 2015). There should be enough space within the building to ensure good flow of air, the internal air system s would be free of suss and po llen which is harmful for many people. Since allergic reactions can be caused from pollen it is important to ensure that the air filtering systems are able to block them. There is also a need to measure whether the heating and thermostat systems control the air flow and air quality within the building in the right way. There is definitely a lack of proper tools to measure these, other than measuring amount of harmful emit ants found in these areas. The temperature distribution within tee rooms and areas should also be checked for consistency to ensure good comfort for people living or Woking within the areas. Some areas in old buildings can be colder or hotter than the rest of the building which can make it hard for people working in the different temperature zones to function properly. The basal temperature suggested by the health authority should be followed for ensuring theta the workers in a stagnant office feel pleasurable and are free from the affects of the external environme nt(Robertson, 2008). Materials used in building To sum it up, the term Materials signifies all the items being used for the creation and formation of the building. These materials are used for both the interior creation as well as the exterior creation of the certain building. Today builders work with a number of materials to fulfil the needs of the builder. The need for the builder is to use materials that help keep the building safe from the external environmental extreme conditions, shield from rain and wind as well as keep supporting the structure. The internal structure is also dependent on the looks or finishes the builder wants to achieve, the health and safety of the persons depend on the type of materials used. The type of insulation, sealants etc affect the indoor air quality as well. How well the external walls and other materials hold up to the needs of the internal environment(Mele, 2005). There is a need for using the right materials which create the best indoor environment and ensure that the indoor air quality is o f good quality and does not create a problem for the inhabitants. Usually air ducts, shafts and a centralised airflow system is used nine most commercial buildings with thermostats to control the temperature within the building but there are sometimes problems in the thermostats while it has been used for years. There is a need for using proper systems for the same and use the needed measures to ensure that these dusts and shafts are free from microbes, algaes, pollen and other serious materials that can cause health issues(Gambhir, 2014). Conclusion There is a need for proper testing and measuring methods to make the new tenants of the commercial space. Good indoor air quality is necessary to provide good nourishment to the inhabitants so the new inhabitants should know how to measure the quality of indoor aim and use proper methods clan and improve the quality of indoor air which might pose serious health concerns over the years. Damp, air polluted with pollen and other serious unhealthy particles create serious health problems that can affect the life of the workers or resects but there is a need for the new inhabitants to properly check and then move into the building. References Aksamija, A., 2013. Building Simulations And High-Performance Buildings Research:Use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Integrated Design and Analysis. research journal, 5(1), pp. 1-9. Bertoldi, P., 2011. Principles for nearly Zero-Energy Buildings, s.l.: Buildings Performance Institute Europe. Bonnema, ,. M., 2016. Systems Design and Engineering: Facilitating Multidisciplinary Development Projects. CRC Press ed. s.l.:CRC Press. Gambhir, 2014. Building and Construction Materials. s.l.:McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt Ltd. Hitchens, M., 2004. Fast Track Projects: Managing Factory Automation Projects. s.l.:Max Hitchens. Institute, B. P., 2015. Building Science Principles Reference Guide: Second Edition - Spanish ICC. s.l.:Building Performance Institute. Kim, H., 2015. Internal-curing efficiency of cold-bonded coal bottom ash aggregate for high-strength mortar. Journal of Building Management, 6(6), pp. 55-66. Mele, C., 2005. A Brief Review of Systems Theories and Their Managerial A Brief Review of Systems Theories and Their Managerial, s.l.: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences . Pels, J., 2016. Systems Theories , s.l.: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences . Robertson, L. E., 2008. Tall Building Criteria and Loading. s.l.:ASCE Publications. Wang, T., 2016. The Open Construction and Building. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 88(7), pp. 66-90. Woodner, A., 2009. High Performance Building Guidelines. illustrated ed. s.l.:DIANE Publishing. Zhang, L., 2016. Parametric Analysis on Collapse-resistance Performance. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 10(1), pp. 466-480.

Ben and Jerrys Essays

Ben and Jerrys Essays Ben and Jerrys Essay Ben and Jerrys Essay Ben and Jerrys BY tmh01854 Ben Jerrys corporate strategy is to be a force for social change through its presence in the frozen desert market. With a commitment to promoting social awareness and caring capitalism, Ben Jerry established itself as a leader with a unique image in the superpremium ice cream market by priding themselves with an anti-business style, both externally and internally. Theyre the largest corporate supporter of community and environmental issues (committing 7. % of pre-tax profits). They tand behind a casual working environment with a 5:1 salary ratio structure, which means the highest paid employee can only earn a maximum of 5 times the lowest paid employee. Ben Jerrys business strategy is differentiation, in that they offer a wide variety of products. While the company continues to pull slow moving products, they replace them with new flavors and selections that contribute to the companys growth. Using Porters 5-Force analysis, threats of new entrants and supplier power is low, but intense rivalry, threats of substitutes, and threat of buyers are high, giving he industry as a whole an overall rating of 2 stars. Threats of new entrants are relatively low, as there are high barriers to industry entry. These include the initial capital investment to purchase equipment, as well as establish distribution channels and marketing/advertising campaigns. There is a high threat of substitutes in the ice cream industry, as many products are available to satisfy the same needs. Buyer power is high, as both consumers and retailers drive the price and choices of ice cream. Since shelf space is limited, ice cream can easily be replaced. Supplier power is low as there are multiple sources to buy the ingredients to make the product. A company can get the raw materials Just about anywhere, but when venturing into the superpremium market, this product line uses brand candies from other companies. Rivalry is high since many compete to have better flavors and shelf space in stores. We do believe that the culture and values of create a sustainable advantage. Bs values include caring capitalism, funding community projects, free employee assistance programs, day-care, comprehensive benefits ackages, and their important 5:1 salary ratio rule. Ben Jerrys certainly possess a unique brand as it relates to culture. The companys social mission and its promotional awareness events generate interest in the company. By targeting social causes, the Ben Jerrys brand extends beyond the ice cream products where consumers may believe that through the purchase of Ben Jerrys ice cream, they are also contributing towards the social initiatives of the company. Further, the culture and values differentiate the company from its competitors. As a strategy, the social involvement dives awareness of the companys brand and product leading to fiscal growth. This benefitted Ben Jerrys during its growth period and formed a strong identity among consumers. From a sustainability standpoint, Ben Jerrys drove social responsibility issues before it became fashionable within the business sector. That said, culture and values contribute towards a competitive advantage, but is not a means to an end on its own. The company must still practice fundamental perational discipline and manage its cost structure to survive long term. Under Cohens leadership, cost and profit management was an afterthought to the social improving their position to cover short liabilities. Their gross profit margin has held steady over the last 6 years (averaging 28. 3%) after dropping from a high in 1981 (49. 76%). This is an indication of successfully adjusting their price point due to changes in their operation. However, their net profit margin fell over time as more expenses resulted from investments in non-production costs. While not robust, BJ increased both their net working capital and asset turnover from 1985 1989. They brought their long term debt ratio down to 31. 5% in 1986. However, since then, BJs additional financing came from debt (back up 70% in 1989) becoming a highly leveraged company. Two challenges that confronted Ben Jerrys by the end of the case include compensation at market rates for senior management as well as the friction between Ben Cohens ideology of the company and Chico Lagers desire to lead Ben Jerrys into a growing, businesslike environment. The 5:1 compensation plan limited the companys ability to recruit top talent within the management ranks leading to lengthy executive searches and vacant management positions. The latter point stemmed from the business crossroad that faced the company. While Cohen sought to preserve the identity and values deeply rooted into the companys DNA, the challenges facing a growing company became a reality. Business practices such as managing profits, instilling operational discipline, and hiring and retaining top talent created stress within Ben Jerrys.

GLOBAL WARMING Essays (986 words) - Climate Change, Global Warming

GLOBAL WARMING Essays (986 words) - Climate Change, Global Warming GLOBAL WARMING Running head: GLOBAL WARMING 1 Global warming Name Institution GLOBAL WARMING 2 Global warming Global warming is the increase in the average global temperature caused by greenhouse gas effects on solar and thermal radiation (Hansen, 2007). In this regard, Greenhouse gases are the gaseous components of the atmosphere that absorb and later release radiation at specific wavelengths. Gases in the upper ambiance such as carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride and methane trap radiation from the sun close to the earths surface instead of permitting it to disperse into the space; this results in increased atmospheric temperatures. Both human-made and natural conditions contribute to global warming; however, mans activities in contributing to global warming cannot be underscored. While the effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are expected to be severe, human activities are continuously increasing the threat of global warming. The current discussion explains how human activities impact global warming as well as the personal tactics to minimize the contribution to global warming. Many scientists predict that the continuous increase in temperature will cause polar ice caps and mountain glaciers to melt rapidly. The melting will significantly raise the level of the coastal waters and hence produce new patterns of extreme precipitation and probably expand subtropical deserts. The change in precipitation patterns will interrupt agricultural activities in many regions, and this will lead to food instability. The rising of sea water levels will result in flooding at the coastal towns and hence destroy life and property. The disruption in temperature will result in extinction of animal and plant species that are incapable of adapting to the new environmental conditions. The general effect will be massive extinction that will lead to an environmental catastrophe. The extinction of species will also result in a sudden collapse of biological systems. In general, frequent and strong La Ninas and El Nios, ocean acidification, extinction of species, forest fires and heat waves will make the environment unbearable to GLOBAL WARMING 3 humans (Hansen, 2007). The present change in climate is accredited to the increase in greenhouse gases that are caused by effects of human industrial processes, transportation, land use changes and agricultural practices (Hansen, 2007). The largest driver of global warming is thus carbon dioxide and aerosol emissions from human activities such as deforestation, combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. The presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere alters the incoming thermal radiations and thus disrupts energy balance. As the atmosphere thickens with greenhouse gases, more heat is held up. Fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, petroleum and charcoal are highly carbonated. When burned, they produce a lot of carbon dioxide which is released into the atmosphere. For instance, when a single gallon of gasoline is burned, it adds 19 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Pacala & Socolow, 2004). In particular, the land use practices contribute to global warming. Trees are essential in ensuring natural regulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They also form a cover that moderates the radiation processes and determine the amount of heat to be retained or radiated. The ever increasing human population has led to deforestation to pave the way for human settlement. Trees are also cut for the purposes of logging, provision of timber and paper making. Deforestation, therefore, contributes to approximately 25% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (Pacala & Socolow, 2004). Based on the research by Hansen, the burning of hydrocarbons and the decomposition of landfills (garbage) from human activities results in methane production (2007). The cultivation of rice and the integration of manure from domestic livestock in agricultural practices is also a major methane producer. Methane is an active greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but also one which is less abundant in the atmosphere. Soil cultivation practices, especially the use of organic GLOBAL WARMING 4 fertilizers has resulted in the increase of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere that also contributes to global warming (Pacala & Socolow, 2004). Human beings use chlorofluorocarbons for refrigeration and air conditioning; they continuously deplete the ozone layer and hence result in increased solar radiation. Since human beings are the major contributors to global warming, they should be at the forefront in the process of curbing it. At an individual level, I will replace the pollutant fossil fuels

Principles of Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Criminal Law - Essay Example The punishment is the same notwithstanding whether the offender used a weapon against the victim or not. However for the accused person to be liable for such offences, wounding must have occurred. This means that a discontinuity of the skin must occur on the body of the victim, and at least a drop of blood must fall outside the body of the victim (Cross, 1995). It is worth noting that under section 47 of the act, bodily harm, or injury may occur to a person without directly or indirectly applying physical violence to the victim (MacDonald, 1948). The substance of the law in such a case is whether the victim would find such acts perpetrated against them either unpleasant or harmful. The law requires that it is enough for the accused to have foreseen that physical harm to some person might result. In our case, Mr. Steven Roberts committed two acts that resulted to bodily harm and physical injuries to two victims, namely his girl friend and the alleged man whom the girlfriend was cheati ng with against Mr. Steven. However, the substance of the law in the two accounts of this case are different, in that, in the first account, Mr. Steven had no intention of inflicting any bodily injury or physical harm to his girlfriend. He only meant to surprise her, an act that accidentally resulted to the girlfriend falling from the staircase and being injured. However, on the second account, Mr. Steven shoved off the man accompanying his girlfriend to make him move out of the way. In so doing, he ended up inflicting physical harm on the man, through banging him against a glass door that injured him. It can therefore, be found that while in the first account Mr. Steven did not have the intention to harm, in the second account, he ought to have foreseen that physical harm might result to the man he shoved off (Smith, 2008). This therefore makes the two accounts different in the substance of the law, something that means the accused can be liable for the accounts differently. If not found guilty for the first account, it is likely that the second account would make him liable. Thus, it is worth treating the two accounts separately in the attempt to seek legal defense for the case against Mr. Steven (MacDonald, 1975). The first account of Mr. Steven causing bodily harm against her girl friend appears defined within the confinement of section 47 of the 1861 act (Milton, 1996). The first account is admissible under the laws pertaining to common assault, whose punishment is the payment of a recommended fine or an imprisonment not exceeding six months or both. There is a defense available for Mr. Steven against the first account (Smith, 2005). Consent is applicable as one of the defense, where it requires that if the harm caused is not so severe, and there is a recognizable good reason for the offence, then the accused can be relieved of the criminal liability (Greaves, 2006). Since Mr. Steven’s intention was not to harm his girlfriend, then if the injury ha ppens not to be severe, then he can be relieved the criminal responsibility to assault (Smith, 1998). In the second account, Mr. Steven charge is under section 18 of the 1861 act because; he caused wounding and bodily harm to the man accompanying his girlfriend (Glanville, 1983). The proof that wounding was caused is the fact that there was a fall of blood from the body of the victim. The prosecution will be able to prove

Review Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review - Term Paper Example Last year the sport super bowl in the US had over 108 million viewers and the recent controversial use of $4 million on a commercial by a firm was making headings and any advertising firm would promise that such a figure would improve the brands image (Evans & Gerard 39). The sport super bowl has have a great media coverage and the same translates to the air play its gets plus the viewers it has. Research has shown that more that 30% of the viewers are interested in the commercials between the airplay of the sport than the sport itself. Commercials have become like part of the game rather than the norms considered as an interruption. The idea about using expensive advertisements and marketing techniques is a gamble because one can not be assured if the information will arrived to the intended destination who is the target customer but the gamble has one heavy side than the other. Advertisment has emerged as an important activity in marketing in the modern age of large scale production and serve competition in the market. Expensive marketing can be a great tool to ken turkey fried chicken brand and It performs the following functions: - Sales promotion: It boosts the sale of goods and services through creating awareness on the existence of the goods in the market and persuading the people to buy them. A good advertising strategy helps in securing new consumers in both the national and world markets. For instance in the clothing industry, a firm can purely base its marketing technique on the use of the internet and it can use video advert that are brokered by various marketing companies. Introduction of new product: It helps in bringing of new products in the market. Ken turkey fried chicken can register the availability of its new products in the market to the public through advertisement. A new firm cant make a

Style emitation piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Style emitation piece - Essay Example His funding is diminished and he is now operating with the equipment previously provided by grants. The question must have nagged the Professor greatly. For years and years he toiled tirelessly checking the radars and other equipment for any proof of foreign intelligence or any attempt of communication from extra-terrestrial beings. In the process, the professor was mocked, even called crazy. Until one fine Sunday morning. A bleep on the radar. The professor was first in disbelief. He verified then reverified. It is indeed a bleep. He sent radio signals. It was sent back! The professor yelled with excitement, yes! It was a confirmation that the one who registered in the bleep was an intelligent being. For months Professor Z’s team worked to have a medium of language that they could understand. When it come to fruition, all doubts against the Professor was removed. Then the anticipated moment came, a meet up was finally decided. The aliens will visit the earth. It has to be the alien that should visit because earth has no technology yet to travel that far in space. Besides, some proof of alien existence is also needed to justify the funding for the professor. Preparations were made hurriedly as everybody was excited. The coordinates were set and the date was fixed. Then the awaited day came. Everybody was there. The President of United States, China, and other countries, as well as UN, G7 and other important personalities. The appointed time came. But there was no spaceship. Probably it is in invisible mode but there are no roaring machine to indicate a space craft. The professor nervously called on the radio. This professor of planet earth, alien visitor are you here? The radio did not immediately reply. Then it broke, Professor, we are currently defending ourselves against the monsters you sent us. Monsters? The professor quipped. â€Å"Yes† and there are too many

The Fragile X Syndrome

The Fragile X Syndrome The fragile X syndrome is one of the most prevalent mental retardation problems that are inherited to generations. The clinical features of people with this syndrome are very subtle and hard to diagnose. Recent progress in the field of molecular biology and genetics has outlined the molecular mutation, that causes the syndrome was a triplet repeat mutation. Due to repetitive CGG repeat the respective proteins are not expressed. New molecular methods including direct probe analysis and PCR analysis, have simplified the process of diagnosis. The nature of the gene, their respective gene product and its function has not been yet found clearly. Inheritance may be found due to common ancestral flow of X chromosome at birth. Introduction Fragile S syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the intellectual, physical and mental factors of a human being. It is also known to be martin-bells syndrome and the effects range widely from mild to severe. It is caused by the mutation on the X chromosome of the individual in a single gene called the Fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1). Psychological problems such as mental retardation may be caused by two main factors, the physical environment or the genetic factor that is hereditary. As we mainly focus on the genetic factor, the FRAXA locus in xq27.3 is associated in causing fragile X mental retardation. Therefore based on molecular genetic testing of FMR1 gene, fragile X syndrome can be diagnosed. Women are only 50% affected by this syndrome when compared to males due to the fact that they have two X chromosomes where as males have one. Most common symptoms found are seizures, mood instability, attention deficit, sensory over stimulation, aggression, autism, speech diso rder and sleep differences. This syndrome also shows certain physical symptoms such as long narrow face, large ears enlarged testacles in males, flexible joints etc., various researches is being done across the world to find a solution for the disease. Various genetic techniques has been developed and handled to identify the fragility of the chromosome. There has been so much improvement in research but a definite solution has not been obtained. The treatment for this syndrome is usually a multidisciplinary approach which includes occupational therapy, medical managements, education and linguistics. The Fragile X Mutation: Genes are the precursors of specific protein molecules which in turn are specific for various functions of the body. The major cause for the fragile x syndrome is due to the mutation in one single gene called the fragile x mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene which is the precursor for the fragile x mental retardation protein FMRP. This protein is responsible for the normal development and functioning of the brain. Men have only one x chromosome so presence of mutation in that chromosome will cause the disease whereas in females, they have two x chromosomes and hence full mutation in one copy makes them carriers of the syndrome and they may be affected partially according to the amount of mutation and number of cells expressing the FMR-1 gene copy. The inheritance found on the chromosomes is termed as x linked recessive inheritance which is more complex than the normal x linked genes. Fig.1 X chromosome with fragile site [1] Fig. 2 A photograph of X chromosomes showing a fragile site from both a male and a female [2] The number of CGG repeats on the FMR-1 gene determines the complexity of the syndrome. The repeats are classified as short, medium and long repeats. The short repeat of about six to fifty times which is found very common. These short repeats are mostly unstable and do not definitely cause the syndrome. Yet a genetic counseling along with certain tests is recommended. The medium repeat is about 50 to 200 times and is called permutation. The fragile x mental retardation protein (FMRP) has lower risk of the syndrome as short sequence repeats. The long repeats are usually more than 200 and are termed as full mutation where the complete FMR-1 gene is altered and production of the FMRP protein is totally stopped. Among the people with full mutation or long repeats, men will have the fragile x syndrome and women will be carriers. Fragile x mental retardation protein (FMRP) The FMRP protein is found in the ribo-nucleoprotein complex and is encoded by the FMR1 gene. The FMRP weighs up to 60-70 kD. This protein is associated with the polyribosome or polysomes. Two RNA-binding domains, KH domains or K homology domains are possessed by this protein and it binds to fetal human brain to 4% approximately. It also has the ability to bind to its own mRNA. Even a small amount of mutation in one of the KH domain could stop its interaction with the polysomes leading to the fragile x syndrome. Inheritance of fragile x syndrome Males have xy chromosome and hence have only one FMR-1 gene where as females have xx chromosomes and hence they have two FMR-1 genes. On the F1 generation each parent transfers one chromosome each to the offspring where the transfer of the FMR-1 gene is determined. Therefore the possibilities of their offsprings being affected are grouped under two conditions. Condition-1 [3] If a male has a mutated gene in his chromosome it can be transferred only to his daughter because only the Y chromosome can be transferred to his son by him. So if he was crossed with a female with normal genes all their sons will be normal and the daughters will have one fragile gene and remain as carriers. father à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ y mother x xà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ (carrier daughter) Xy (normal son) x xà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ (carrier daughter) Xy (normal son) à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ fragile x gene Condition-2 [4] If a female has one mutated gene in her chromosome and is crossed with a normal male then there is 50% chance of all the offsprings, be it male or female to have the syndrome. father x y mother à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ xà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ (carrier daughter) à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ y (fragile son) x xx(normal daughter) Xy (normal son) à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹ fragile x gene Symptoms The symptoms of fragile x syndrome are categorized into : Physical Large eyes Prominent forehead Large testecles Seizures Cognitive development Social and emotional hyperactivity Behavioral Shyness Social anxiety Speech and language Rapid and repetitive Inability to adopt words Over-talkative Autism Flapping of hands Poor eye contact All these symptoms need not be necessarily seen. A combination of various symptoms may vary from person to person based on the amount of gene altered in their chromosome. Sometimes there may also be no visible symptoms making the chances of early diagnosis even worse. Molecular diagnosis [5] The chromosome associated with the syndrome is classified into three major types based on the number of CGG repeats as Normal allele the CGG repeat in FMR1 is 6-50 PCR analysis is sufficient to study all normal type genes Specific point mutations and mosaicism must be studied using specific types of pcr or other molecular methods Visualization is achieved either by radio-active labeling or auto radiography followed by automated sequencing Agarose gel electrophoreses may be used for simple separation analysis with stains such as ethidium bromide. Appropriate size markers and size controls are very important. Controls used for analysis mut approximately contain 50 repeats. Pre mutation The CGG repeat in FMR1 is 55-200 PCR analysis is not possible hence southern blot is always preferred. Since both premutation and full mutation have methylation status, specific methylation sensitive enzymes such as EagI or NreI is used to resolve the size of the fragment. Methylated alleles are cut only by one enzyme where as non methylated normal alleles are cut by both the enzymes. Prenatal diagnosis is very important for pre mutation carriers. Rather than normal PCR a radioactive PCR can be used to test for premutation and then the result can by confirmed using southern analysis. Full mutation The CGG repeats in FMR1 ranges from 200 to thousands This can be analysed only by a southern blot technique. At complications, if a confirmable result could not be obtained from a southern analysis then a radio active PCR can be run combined with a linkage analysis and the result can be confirmed with southern blotting. Intermediate alleles The CGG repeats in FMR1 gene is usually between 45-55 Since they are in the overlapping region between stable normal allele and unstable premutation alleles, diagnosis and interpretation is very difficult Diagnostic Tools and Methods With the advancement in technology DNA tests are always effective in diagnosis of fragile x syndrome. With the findings of Sutherland et al. that folic acid deficient cell culture medium was able to induce a fragile site at xg27.3 cytogenetics was the major way to determine the presence of the syndrome but after cloning of the FMR-1 gene direct methods for identifying the x linked gene has become possible. By using monoclonal antibodies specific to FMRP it is also possible to show the expression of FMR-1. The most common methods used for diagnosis in the genetic level are Polymerase Chain Reaction Southern Blotting Antibody test Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Single strand confirmation polymorphism Non-radioactive molecular diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction Polymerase chain reaction may be defined as a technique where one copy of a DNA is amplified into numerous copies at a rate of 2n where n is the number of cycles. It is achieved under specific conditions of temperature, along with polymerase enzyme. PCR amplification is one of the preliminary methods in diagnosing fragile x syndrome. Since the syndrome is associated with CGG repeats PCR is not considered as the best method always, since the amplification across C-G composition could be unreliable for PCR technique. However now its very much possible for a PCR to identify CGG repeats in combination with various techniques. methylation specific PCR of the FMR1 locus fluorescent methylation specific PCR methyl-CpG-binding PCR Some of the major advantages of PCR are that it is less time consuming, a very small amount of the sample is enough to produce numerous copy and the tri-nucleotide repeat in the FMR-1 gene is accurately sized. There are also various disadvantages of this technique. When there are more than hundreds of tandem repeats it is impossible for the PCR to determine the complete mutation which may give a different result. Due to differential amplification PCR is incapable of detecting mosacism between pre mutation and normal alleles. Fig 3: fragile x analysis using PCR [6] Southern Blotting Southern blotting is one of the best methods of diagnosing fragile x syndrome. It is modtly used as the confirmatory test after PCR. The variations between the mutations and permutations along with the amount of methylation occurred can be clearly obtained by the southern blotting technique. The process can be summed up in two simple steps: Step 1: the patients DNA is digested using restriction enzymes. Step 2: southern hybridization is carried out along with specific radioactive probes after separation of FMRI region. Using southern Blotting, the differences in full mutation and pre mutation can be easily identified. Full mutations usually cause smearing of the band and are always unstable. The only advantage of this technique is that its accuracy whereas its labor intensive, time consuming. The major drawback of this method is its inability to determine the exact number of tandem repeats of the CGG nucleotides which is very much necessary in determining whether the patient is completely affected or a carrier. Fig 4: fragile x analysis by southern blot [7] N refers to normal Specific tools for analysis DNA probe A DNA probe can be defined as a single strand of DNA which act as a template to identify the target DNA molecule. To identify the fragility of chromosome on the DNA specific probes were designed which increases the accuracy rate of the diagnosis. Chemicon (Millipore) [8] has designed a special probe named The CHEMI probe which is labeled with dioxegenin to detect the CGG repeats in the FMR-1 gene. Markers There were special markers called the microsatelite markers used in linkage analysis. This came to an end with the advent of modern techniques. However these markers are now being used under special circumstances like prenatal diagnosis where southern blotting has failed. Some of the markers used are DXS548, FRAXAC1 and FRAXAC2 combined with PCR. They are considerably accurate and they undergo low recombination mechanism with CGG repeats. Treatments There are no gene therapies or genetic treatments available for fragile x syndrome though a lot of other therapies are available which include speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and behavioral therapy. There are also a large number of medications available as listed in the table below: Symptoms Medications Seizures Mood instability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Carbamazepine (Tegretol) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Valproic acid or divalproex (Depakote) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lithium carbonate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gabapentin (Neurontin) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lamotrigine (Lamictal) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Topiramate (Topomax), tiagabine (Gabitril), and vigabatrin (Sabril) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Phenobarbital and primidone (Mysoline) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Phenytoin (Dilantin) Attention deficit (With or without hyperactivity) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) and dexamethamphetamine (Adderall, Dexedrine) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ L-acetylcarnitine à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Venlafaxine (Effexor) and nefazodone (Serzone) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Amantadine (Symmetrel) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Folic acid Hyperarousal Sensory over-stimulation (Often occurs with ADD/ADHD) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clonidine (Catapres TTS patches) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Guanfacine (Tenex) Aggression Intermittent explosive disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (Often occurs with anxiety and/or depression) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fluoxetine (Prozac) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sertraline (Zoloft) and citalopram (Celexa) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paroxetine (Paxil) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fluvoxamine (Luvox) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Risperidone (Risperdal) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Quetiapine (Seroquel) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Olanzepine (Zyprexa ) Sleep disturbances à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Trazadone à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Melatonin Table 2: symptoms and medications for FRAXA [9] (*these prescriptions have serious effects. DO NOT INTAKE ANY OF THESE WITHOUT CONSULTING A MEDICAL PRACTITIONER) Current Research Gene Therapy: studies are carried out on the recombination strategy of the target gene, whether removal or replacement of the defective gene with a recombinant gene would eliminate the syndrome. Protein Replacement Therapy: research is being carried out on the possibility of producing FMR protein and supplying to the patients through external sources like food or tablets. Psychopharmacology: research is being carried out in finding medications for all the symptoms of fragile x syndrome. Conclusion Fragile x syndrome is one of the genetic diseases that causes psychological problems due to the lack of FMR protein responsible for the mental behavior of the person. The protein is not expressed in the individual due to fragility of the FMR1 gene in the x chromosome. Though PCR and southern blotting are the only tools available for diagnosis they are considerably accurate and research is being carried out on various re-combinative tools for diagnosis. A complete cure has not been still devised for the syndrome though various behavioral and physical therapies help the patients gain psychological strength.

Art on Brown vs. Board Education Supreme Court decision :: Art Exhibit Race

Fifty years ago the state of our beautiful nation was quite different. The United States were not very united at all. Fifty years ago a court decision marked a change in society that Americans will experience forever. The Brown vs. Board Supreme Court decision gave the old ?separate but equal? laws the boot. It marked the start of integration of public schools and universities. The process was not a smooth one to say the least, yet American society as it stands today is a far more equal because of it. However close we may be to equal it still is not yet equal. Artists of late have been expressing their view of American culture in many different ways. A particular group of artists calls themselves Social Studies more than likely referring to their portrayal of American social issues. At Krannert Art Museum this year Social Studies put out their third exhibit featuring eight artists? works that provoke viewers to reflect on issues of identity, tolerance, equal rights, and integration as they apply to education now. When I walked in to the exhibit I noticed a very interesting portrait to begin with. It was five separate portraits of two women, one white, one black, both attempting to sit in the same chair. The title of the work was Plessy vs. Ferguson, in memory of the Supreme Court decision that made segregation legal. The separate part seemed to hold true but the equal part was far more than lacking. Most cases seemed to be that there wasn?t enough to separate hence the reason for the two women struggling over the same chair. This art took me awhile to understand because my brain had not been geared to what I was actually witnessing. It wasn?t until I sat down on a retro style couch resting on a beige shag carpet rug facing a silent movie projection. The obvious use of perspective in this art form helped me understand the side by side projection of two different family videos. One was footage from a Jewish family and the other was an African American family?s footage. Both of the videos depicted family gatherings for celebrations such as barbeques, birthday parties, trips to Disney World and religious holidays.

Dbq Although New England and the Chesapeake

Wa’Nyah Tucker 11A September 24, 2012 DBQ ESSAY Question: Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by of English origin, by 1700 the region had evolved into two different societies. Why did this difference in development occur? Thesis Statement: When talking about New England and the Chesapeake region, you have to consider the differences in motives and geography. Consider economic situations (reasons for settling where they did, reasons why they came to New England in the first place). One has to think about the family development and demographics, as well as the government structure.Thought New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled with a majority of English origin. By 1700 the region had evolved into two completely different societies. When talking about New England and the Chesapeake region, you have to consider the differences in motives and geography. Consider economic situations (reasons for settling where they did, reasons why they came to New England in the first place). One has to think about the family development and demographics, as well as the government structure. All these differences helped sculpt the colonies into their own significant and distinct ways of living.The geography of the New England Colonies was not the best. The soil was very rocky. This made agriculture for the New England colonist nearly impossible to achieve. Eventually the English brought pigs, horses, sheep, and cattle to the settlements. This required pastureland so the colonists were constantly clearing forests. The New England colonists were fed up with all of the rocky land, not being able to farm and plant, they moved towards the coast. The dense forests allowed a bounty of timber which was used for building ships that could be used for various.Also, there was an abundance of fish off the coast of Newfoundland, which made the New Englanders very wealthy. The Chesapeake region however, had very fertile soil. The Atlant ic Ocean created was able to create many rivers and wetlands. This provided the Chesapeake with land that was moist where they were able to establish agriculture. The main crop being produced in this area was tobacco. There was such high demand for tobacco, it eventually cause the soil to become try old and tired. By the soil drying out it increased the need for new land.In Document B on the list of emigrant bound for New England, it is mostly family oriented. Families were coming and units. These people were mostly the Puritans who were coming to New England for religious purposes. The New England colonies were founded as examples of pure religion. The New Englanders would come to prosper through their hard work, thrift, and the quality of their commitment to God and each other. The Christian values of charity towards another man resulted in tight knit communities that embraced the idea to care for every member.John Winthrop wrote, A Model of Christian Charity, while he was aboard the Arbella on the Atlantic Ocean in 1630. In this writing he states that no matter what social class you fall under everyone must say close together and work in unison as one man. Not as many men working but coming together. Showing the affection one would give to their brother. One must make their fellow colonist conditions their own, whether it is good or bad. Laugh together, cry together, rejoice together, mourn together, work together and even suffer together. They are as â€Å"a city upon a hill†.Meaning that other colonies will see what they do. They will notice everything they do so they have to set an example of how to be. The colonial theocratic governments also sought to further the welfare of the populace by enforcing God's Biblical laws, thus strengthening the people's support for the government (respect of authority is required by the Bible, and respect for a government that can hang you is required by common sense). Finally, the rugged land of New England did n ot stop the growth of crops. This allowed the Chesapeake colonies to prosper on agriculture alone.Unlike the New England colonies, the Chesapeake colony of Virginia never made any gesture of being a religious settlement, except for the apparent support for the Church of England. Most of the original settlers were men Document C who had left their families behind in order to attend to the territory that was to successfully produce gold for the King and the country. Most importantly produce for the shareholders. Some of the investors in the Virginia Company quickly seized upon the idea of farming as a substitute for gold-mining. This paid for the passage of many indentured ervants and later, slaves to the New World. There were many diseases that swept through Chesapeake colonies. Life in the Chesapeake colonies was very harsh. There were diseases such as malaria, dysentery, and typhoid fever. Half of the people born in Virginia and Maryland died before the age of twenty. While the oth er died by the age of forty (women) or fifty (men). There were a lot of men that couldn’t find single women to mate with in order to repopulate. There were many families being destroyed my death. The children were dying very young. The Chesapeake colonies struggled.Then native born inhabitants gained immunity to all of the diseases that were infecting the original immigrants. The New England colonies had colonial assemblies and town meetings where the colonists discussed important matters of local government. These assemblies and town meetings also had the power to tax their citizens to fund the church. Above the local government were governors. These governors were supposed to enforce all of the King's policies and answered directly to the king. Above the governors were the houses of Parliament in England.There wasn’t really a government structure when it came down to the Chesapeake colonies. They were all about the gold and making a profit. They had slaves working in the fields when they discovered tobacco and other things. They were more about quantity and money and goods and trade. In conclusion, many things that contributed into establishing these colonies led to many more events. Since there were many slaves being worked now, there were many that didn’t agree with the way they were being treated. Therefore leading to many rebellions.One of which known as Bacon’s Rebellion which was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony in North America, led by a 29-year-old planter, Nathaniel Bacon. There were about a thousand Virginians rose (including former indentured servants, poor whites and poor blacks) because they resented Virginia Governor William Berkeley's friendly policies towards the Native Americans when Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of Indian attacks on frontier settlements, others took matters into their own hands, attacking Native Americans, chasing Berkeley from Jamestown, Virginia, and torching the capital. There was many more. Like the New York Revolt in 1712 which killed nine whites and as a result of the actions taken by the slaves, twenty-one blacks were executed and some burned at the stake over a slow fire. Or even the South Carolina Revolt. People say it was like a failed attempt of Bacon’s Rebellion. This revolt happened in 1736. Fifty blacks tried to march along the Stono River to Spanish florida but failed and was stopped by local militia.

Incredible Hulk Means Incredible Band-Aids Essay

Band-Aids have been around since the 1920s, and they are an internationally known product. Band-Aids must be marketed to an international audience, and since most everyone knows what a Band-Aid is, the company must rely on marketing techniques to show consumers why the Band-Aid brand is the best choice to purchase. In a Band-Aid advertisement released in 2010 by an advertising company, JWT Dubai, there is a picture of the Hulk’s hand with a tiny Band-Aid wrapped around it, and the entire page is colored with different shades of green. This ad is not covered in crazy pictures or an array of vibrant colors; it is simple and concise. This simplistic advertising of the Hulk’s hand makes this ad easy for anyone to comprehend, and it also conveys several different powerful messages to show a consumer the effectiveness of this product. Johnson & Johnson was founded in 1886 and is a Fortune 500 corporation that has worldwide pharmaceutical sales of around 65 million dollars. Jo hnson & Johnson sells medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and consumer-based packages (Wikipedia, 2011). Three brothers founded Johnson & Johnson in Brunswick, New Jersey, and then an employee invented Band-Aids. In 1921 Band-Aids were made available to the public, and it was the first commercial dressing made for small wounds (Johnson & Johnson, 2011). This corporation now operates in over 57 countries, and its products are sold in over 175 countries. Johnson & Johnson ranks at the top of Harris Interactive National Corporate Reputation Survey, and the Barron’s magazine has ranked them the world’s most respected company. The U.S. State Department awarded Johnson & Johnson with the Benjamin Franklin Award for public diplomacy for funding international education programs. (Wikipedia, 2011). Johnson & Johnson is a globally known company, and almost everybody has used a product from this company. Even though Johnson & Johnson is a large and well known company, advertising is an essential tool to keep reminding consumers who can provide the best at home medical products. This advertisement was marketed internationally, and The Hulk, is an internationally known hero. The target audience was geared more towards men, children, and parents. Men are more likely to know who The Hulk is, and that is why this ad was placed in various men’s magazine. This ad was placed in different video game magazines that are read by mostly boys and men. Another placement of this ad was on the Internet, like children’s clothing sites. This could be effective because a mother could be shopping for clothes for her son, and she sees the ad and can relate to it because her son loves The Hulk. This ad could be placed in nearly any magazine, and be effective because of the nature of the product. Even though this ad is aimed more at men and boys, it has other ways to attract women to the product. This ad was also placed in some women’s magazines like home and garden, crafts, and even fashion editorials. Even if a woman did not know who The Hulk was, she can still conclude from the advertisement that the Band-Aid heals, protects, and is strong. This ad can appeal to men and young boys more than women, but no matter where it is placed it can still convey a message of strength and healing. By using the comic pop culture icon, The Hulk, it shows the strength and flexibility of the Band-Aid. The main point of this advertisement is to show how flexible the bandage is. The idea was that Bruce Banner put the Band-Aid on before he became The Hulk, and when he turned into The Hulk, the band aid was so flexible and strong it did not fall off. The Hulk is associated with strength, so by seeing the Hulk’s hand the idea of strength is revealed. The message is no matter how active you are or where you go, the Band-Aid will stay put. Another message that can be relayed is that The Hulk seems indestructible, and even super heroes use Band-Aids, and no household should go without them. By using the renowned hero The Hulk, the product’s benefit truly comes to life, and the ad speaks volumes using no words. Some ideas and messages are conveyed to a consumer in other ways than words. In this advertisement the color green is used to help emphasize the idea of the ad. The color green is used worldwide to represent safety and is considered the most restful color. Green can also represent nature, healing, growth, and balance. The purpose of Band-Aids is to heal wounds, and the various shades of green exemplify the healing and safety elements of the bandage. The different green shades are used to initiate feelings of safety and healing, and the advertisement wants the reader to associate their brand with those feelings. The subject of this ad is the contrasting tan bandage on the Hulk’s finger. The contrasting tan color illuminates the product, and the combination of the colors help create the idea of the importance of the hand and its bandage. A lighter green of shade is placed in the center of the ad, and that creates a spotlight effect to enhance the focus of this ad. By just using colors alone, this advertisement sends a subtle message to its audience. When designing this ad, advertisers also had to consider the placement of the images and product. When people read a page, the normal reading pattern is from top to bottom and left to right. The Hulk’s hand starts at the upper left hand side of the page, and advertisers make a visual path down Hulk’s hand to the product that is being advertised in the middle of the page. Since there is a monochromatic color scheme, it is difficult to lose focus of the main subject. After the reader views the bandage, the visual path continues down Hulk’s bandaged finger to a box of Band-Aid brand bandages. The placement of the Band-Aid box at the bottom right hand corner makes the brand the last image a reader sees before turning the page. The effective mapping of the images draws attention to the important elements of the ad, and in a specific order the advertisers want a consumer to see the ad. This advertisement proves that a product can be marketed effectively by using simplistic placement techniques and monochromatic color schemes. The color choices effectively set a calming and healing mood, and the strong and powerful hand shows the strength and flexibility of the product. Even if someone did not know who The Hulk was, this ad could still be beneficial because it shows a strong hand with a little Band-Aid wrapped around it, and it could be inferred that the little Band-Aid is strong. The Hulk Band-Aid ad was voted one of the top 40 most creative ads by adsoftheworld.com in 2011, and it still circulates on the Internet as a brilliant ad. Reference: Johnson & Johnson. (2011). Johnson & johnson. Retrieved from http://www.jnj.com/connect/about-jnj/company-history/ Wikipedia. (2011, November 25). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_&_Johnson

Free Essays on To Build A Fire

The story of â€Å"To build a Fire† by Jack London is about one mans lack of ability to survive under extremely harsh conditions. I found this story to be unappealing and a very boring read. I felt that Jack London wrote it more like an instruction manual of survival than a story, as he repeatedly attempts to teach the reader survival techniques such as building fires, avoiding dangerous springs, and navigating a creek. This idea is especially prevalent in the latter part of the story, when the main character continuously refers to what the old-timer on Sulphur Creek had told him about travel in the Yukon, especially alone. As his situation proceeds to grow worse, the narrator thinks more and more about survival ideas that he had learned or that the old-timer had told him. The story even goes as far as killing animals and using their fur as warmth in order to thaw out from the frostbite. This idea is also evident with Jack London’s character development or the narrator. He purposely created him simplistic and this enabled Mr. London to talk about survival. This concept holds true all the way to the point that we, the readers, do not even learn the narrators or the dogs name. London also tells the readers that his character â€Å"was without imagination† and â€Å"he was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances.† By not being held down by character development and deep thought by the character, London is able to constantly discuss the what to do and what not to do while in a severe environment. While you can argue this was a story of a naà ¯ve man traveling foolishly through the Yukon, one that attempts to take on nature and loses badly. Yes, this story does involve the aspect of the ignorance of man and their arrogance toward nature and peoples advice. This is portrayed by the narrator through thoughts like, â€Å"any man who was a man could travel alone.† This point is also reaffirme... Free Essays on To build a Fire Free Essays on To build a Fire The story of â€Å"To build a Fire† by Jack London is about one mans lack of ability to survive under extremely harsh conditions. I found this story to be unappealing and a very boring read. I felt that Jack London wrote it more like an instruction manual of survival than a story, as he repeatedly attempts to teach the reader survival techniques such as building fires, avoiding dangerous springs, and navigating a creek. This idea is especially prevalent in the latter part of the story, when the main character continuously refers to what the old-timer on Sulphur Creek had told him about travel in the Yukon, especially alone. As his situation proceeds to grow worse, the narrator thinks more and more about survival ideas that he had learned or that the old-timer had told him. The story even goes as far as killing animals and using their fur as warmth in order to thaw out from the frostbite. This idea is also evident with Jack London’s character development or the narrator. He purposely created him simplistic and this enabled Mr. London to talk about survival. This concept holds true all the way to the point that we, the readers, do not even learn the narrators or the dogs name. London also tells the readers that his character â€Å"was without imagination† and â€Å"he was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances.† By not being held down by character development and deep thought by the character, London is able to constantly discuss the what to do and what not to do while in a severe environment. While you can argue this was a story of a naà ¯ve man traveling foolishly through the Yukon, one that attempts to take on nature and loses badly. Yes, this story does involve the aspect of the ignorance of man and their arrogance toward nature and peoples advice. This is portrayed by the narrator through thoughts like, â€Å"any man who was a man could travel alone.† This point is also reaffirme... Free Essays on To Build A Fire In the story â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London the cold outdoor setting is what determines the outcome of the story. As well as in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins the setting with the yellow wallpaper determines the outgrowth of the story. Physical setting determines what the story is going to be about in the majority of stories not just these two. If the weather had been normal or if â€Å"the man† had a partner with him in the setting of London’s story, then the outcome would have been completely different and altered the story altogether. Or if there wasn’t yellow wallpaper in the room if maybe it was just in the narrators imagination then the setting would not of been the same, because nobody else would be able to see the wallpaper but the narrator. In London’s story â€Å"the man† shows an act of heroism by trying to not think about the conditions he is encountering. If he gives in to his surroundings (the weather) he is putting his cultural beliefs aside and would not be an act of heroism. Both characters are victims of the settings in their story they are both trapped with know way out. Towards the beginning of London’s story it seems as if â€Å"the man† i s going to defeat the setting and make it through alright! . Also in Gilman’s story the narrator attempts to get away from the setting by asking her husband if they could leave the house. In my eyes that makes them victims of setting and have no way out....

BUSINESS LAW PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSINESS LAW - PowerPoint Presentation Example There is no magic in the cooperative way that makes it completely only in the way it is owned and in certain methods of operation. But while cooperative financing is in many ways the same with financing other business, the method of capitalization, the use of capital, and the handling of finances generally in a cooperative have certain distinctive features that must reflect cooperative principles. In other words, you can distinguish a true cooperative by its financial policies as well as other ways. Good financing of a cooperative does not come by chance or accident. It has to be well-planned, completely understood and mutually accepted. The members of the cooperative have the responsibility for financing their own cooperative. This is how they acquire their ownership of the cooperative and the right to control it. Others cannot be expected to take the risk of financing an organization for them. In addition, the members have the responsibility to study very well the financial policies presented to them by the board before approving them. In this connection, they must properly choose the persons who will constitute the memberships in various committees. These are the individuals who will protect the interests of the members. Separate legal entity and Limited liability are not applicable for the ownership of cooperatives.

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail Research Paper

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail - Research Paper Example Martin Luther King Junior crafted â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† as a response to eight local white clergymen who were against King’s non-violent protest and demanded an end to the protests for desegregation of stores, restrooms, and lunch counters (Eskew 56). The letter turned out to be the turning point of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham, Alabama. King wanted racial equality and wanted to diminish segregation and discrimination and through this letter he tried to illustrate how much he wanted to diminish violence within the blacks and the whites including hatred and bloodshed directed towards the blacks. He began the letter by protesting the segregation that the clergymen were part of and that fueled the ever-longing tension between the blacks and whites (Carmichael and Charles 44). He also added that the clergy did not confront the issue as they were expected to. He further mentioned that he was disappointed with the Church as they had not supported him in his efforts towards racial equality and as such they had not lived up to what God desired of them. He kept reiterating the fact that the last thing he wanted was violence in the pursuit of racial equality and that he just wanted court rulings regarding the issue upheld and laws changed to ensure that racial equality is achieved. (Wilson 22). In the letter, King conveyed his disappointment with how white moderates were devoted to order rather than to justice. He thus hoped that the white moderates should understand that order exists for establishment of justice and that when it fails it blocks the social progress flow (King 30). He points out that the white moderates are exhibiting blindness; while they are acknowledging that there is need for maintaining law and order, they are promoting injustice by failing to recognize that by denying African Americans their civil rights (Ali-Dinar). He further argued that the white moderates have misinterpreted time by asserting that time cures al ills. He expressed his unhappiness with the white moderates who were situating themselves away from actively working for good although time is on their side. He thus urged more activists to engage in pursuing racial equality at that time rather than later. He said that â€Å"Now is the time† thereby urging more advocates for civil rights movement (King 45). The letter was the park of the Civil Rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama. King made it clear that Birmingham was